Abstract: Focusing on the electromagnetic impact of lightning strikes on nearby buried oil and gas pipelines, the current research progress from three aspects: personal safety, risk of pipeline anti-corrosion layer breakdown, and risk of pipe wall arc melting were introduced. A systematic review and summary of the evaluation methods and indicators of electromagnetic interference in nearby buried pipelines under lightning strike conditions were conducted, and a suitable risk assessment system was established. The future development direction of this field was also prospected.