Abstract: Techniques of in-situ conservation by carbonate and their mechanisms are summarized, including biotechnology, biomimetic technology and in-situ deacidification technology. The applications of in-situ conservation by carbonate to conserve different kinds of cultural relics (reinforcement, restoration, sealing and deacidification) and their effects are introduced through case analysis. Finally, the development prospects of carbonate as conservation materials for cultural relic and conservation techniques are proposed.