Abstract: The present situation of the corrosion risk of water injection systems in an oil field abroad is taken as an example. The factors affecting corrosion and scale formation in water injection systems are summarized, and the research status of the traditional corrosion and scale prediction model in the oil and gas industry is summarized. The modeling basis, theoretical basis, key parameters, applicable environment, and existing deficiencies are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of using programming, intelligent algorithms, and other technical methods for modeling calculations and the advantages and disadvantages of the corresponding models are also described in this paper. Finally, the similarities and differences between the corrosion prediction model of waterflood systems and the traditional oil and gas industry and the factors that should be considered in establishing the corrosion prediction model of waterflood systems are proposed, and the development of the corrosion and scaling prediction models of waterflood systems is forecasted.