Abstract: The cavitation erosion mechanism of nozzles, the cavitation erosion comparison between biomass fuels and traditional fossil fuels in nozzles and the preparation technology of anti cavitation coating are summarized. The research status and existing problems are briefly analyzed. It is pointed out that cavitation erosion is mainly caused by “shock wave” and “micro jet” generated by cavitation bubble burst. By comparing the cavitation effect of biomass fuels and traditional fossil fuels on nozzles, it is found that biomass fuels are more prone to cavitation erosion because of their low viscosity, causing more serious damage to nozzles. Finally, the common preparation techniques for cavitation erosion resistant coatings are summarized.