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    基于铜腐蚀速率的电子电器服役环境腐蚀性评价方法对比

    Comparison of Evaluation Methods for Corrosivity of Electronic Equipment Service Environments Based on Copper Corrosion Rate

    • 摘要: 为有效评估电子电器在服役环境中的耐久性和安全性,指导环境优化控制,采用三种方法对环境腐蚀性进行了评价。以铜作为标准材料,分别通过失重法、电化学还原法、电阻法计算铜腐蚀速率来评价环境的腐蚀性;从测试原理、数据差异性和使用场景等方面综合比较了三种评价方法。结果表明:失重法与电化学还原法数据相关性较好,测试结果较为相近,而电阻法获得的前期腐蚀速率远远高于另外两种方法;在长时间监测情况下,三种方法获得的数据可以直接通用;失重法操作简单,数据的直观性、可靠性强,鉴于称量精度限制,更适用于腐蚀时间长、腐蚀产物较厚以及腐蚀性较高(严苛)环境的评价;电化学还原法测试精度高,不仅可获得腐蚀速率数据,还可以简单揭示腐蚀机理,适用于短时间或腐蚀性较低(温和)环境的评价;电阻法测试方法简单,可快速获得腐蚀速率数据,实现腐蚀环境的实时在线监测。

       

      Abstract: To effectively evaluate the durability and safety of electronic and electrical equipment in service environments and guide environmental optimization control, three methods were employed to evaluate environmental corrosivity. Copper was used as the standard material, and the corrosion rates of copper were calculated using the weight loss method, electrochemical reduction method, and resistance method, respectively, to assess environmental corrosivity. A comprehensive comparison of the three evaluation methods was conducted in terms of testing principles, data variability, and application scenarios. The results indicate that the weight loss method and the electrochemical reduction method exhibited good data correlation, with relatively similar test results, whereas the resistance method yielded significantly higher corrosion rates in the early stages compared to the other two methods. Under long-term monitoring conditions, the data obtained by the three methods can be directly interchangeable. The weight loss method is straightforward to operate, with strong data intuitiveness and reliability. Due to the limitation of weighing accuracy, it is more suitable for evaluating long-term corrosion, thick corrosion products, and highly corrosive (harsh) environments. The electrochemical reduction method offers high testing precision, providing not only corrosion rate data but also insights into corrosion mechanisms, making it suitable for short-term or less severe (mild) environmental evaluations. The resistance method is simple to implement, enabling rapid acquisition of corrosion rate data and real-time online monitoring of corrosive environments.

       

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