Abstract: In order to accurately locate high-risk erosion areas in refinery pipeline, an failed sulfur-containing sewage pipeline at the top of atmospheric and vacuum tower was taken as the research object, and the erosion mechanism of the pipe wall during the flow of sulfur-containing sewage was revealed by numerical simulation and experimental study. The results show that the critical shear stress for corrosion product film rupture was about 1.9 Pa when the sulfur-containing sewage in the pipeline was in a flowing state. And the high erosion risk area was located near the bottom of the T section of the sulfur-containing sewage pipeline, where the wall shear stress was much larger than the critical value, and the maximum corrosion rate was 1.37 mm/a. In addition, based on the research results, the structural improvement of the sulfur-containing sewage pipeline can effectively avoid the erosion risk and improve the service life of the pipeline.