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    直流负载电流对铜材腐蚀行为的影响

    Effect of DC Load Current on Corrosion Behavior of Copper

    • 摘要: 为了研究直流负载电流对触点材料腐蚀行为的影响,以铜材为研究对象,在中性盐雾环境中,利用失重法和电化学还原法获得的腐蚀速率以及接触电阻评估其在不同负载电流下的腐蚀行为。结果表明:经中性盐雾腐蚀168 h后,当电流为0~5 A时,铜片外观形貌无明显差异,主要为红褐色锈蚀物,扫描电镜下可见不连续的点状腐蚀产物;当电流为10 A时,铜片表面出现较多绿色锈蚀物,扫描电镜下可见铜片表面被成片点状腐蚀产物覆盖;当电流为20 A时,铜片表面出现大量绿色锈蚀物,腐蚀产物聚集且堆叠。EDS分析结果表明,随电流增大,铜片表面铜元素含量减少,氧、氯元素含量增加;铜腐蚀速率及接触电阻在0~5 A电流下变化不明显,在10 A及20 A电流下显著增大。直流负载电流对铜片腐蚀具有促进作用,尤其是较大电流,促进作用更显著。

       

      Abstract: An investigation of the DC load current effect on the corrosion behavior of copper contact materials in a neutral salt spray environment was conducted. Corrosion behavior under different load currents was assessed through corrosion rate measurements (via mass loss and electrochemical reduction methods) and contact resistance analysis. The results show that after 168 h of neutral salt-spray corrosion, the copper coupons exhibited similar macroscopic morphology at currents ranging from 0 to 5 A, characterized primarily by reddish-brown corrosion products. SEM observations revealed discontinuous punctate corrosion products distributed across the surface. At a current of 10 A, a greater amount of green rust appeared on the copper surface, with SEM observation revealing that the surface was covered by patchy, punctate corrosion products. When the current increased to 20 A, massive green corrosion products developed, with the corrosion products exhibiting noticeable aggregation and stacking. The EDS analysis results indicated that as the current increased, the copper content on the copper coupon surfaces decreased, while the oxygen and chlorine contents increased. The corrosion rate and contact resistance of copper showed no significant change at currents of 0-5 A, but increased markedly at 10 A and 20 A. Direct load current promotes the corrosion of copper, with this enhancing effect being more pronounced at higher current levels.

       

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