Abstract: A comparative analysis was conducted on the advantages and disadvantages of various insulation performance testing methods for different types of insulation failures. Multiple methods, including the potential method, power supply method, current method, and insulation joint tester method, as well as their combinations, were proposed. Field verification results demonstrate that the combined testing method offers high accuracy, strong anti-interference capability, and a wide testing range. This makes it a recommended approach for cathodic protection insulation performance testing in oil and gas gathering pipelines and stations.