Abstract: After more than 70 years of outdoor display, there are various diseases such as stains, corrosion products, and aging materials on the surface of the “Victory” group sculptures in the North China Military Martyrs Cemetery. To understand the protective materials and production processes used in the creation of the “Victory” sculptures, the materials of protective coating on the sculptures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results show that during the creation of the “Victory” sculptural group, paint was used as an organic protective coating. Analysis revealed four components of the paint: film-forming substances, solvents, pigments, and additives. This provides a scientific basis for understanding the painting techniques employed in the “Victory” group sculptures and for implementing their conservation.