Abstract: Polyaspartic ester polyurea (PAE polyurea) is a slow-reacting cycloaliphatic polyurea with controllable curing rate, excellent mechanical strength, and outstanding aging resistance, which has recently attracted attention in heavy-duty marine anticorrosive coatings. This review summarizes the major advances over the past decade, particularly in the last five years, focusing on modification strategies such as nanofiller incorporation, rare-earth doping, self-healing design, and bio-based or waterborne systems. Studies indicate that nanomaterials like graphene and TiO₂ enhance barrier effects and electrochemical stability, Ce/La ions suppress interfacial corrosion reactions, self-healing systems enable autonomous crack repair, and green modifications balance performance and sustainability. However, the synergistic corrosion mechanisms and lifetime prediction under complex marine environments remain insufficiently explored. Future research should strengthen the correlation between structure, properties, and service behavior to promote the engineering application and reliability of PAE polyurea coatings.