Abstract: The main reasons which caused the performance deterioration and failure of high pressure heaters were introduced in this paper, including corrosion erosion, localized corrosion, vibration, fouling and improper water level control. The supervision status and supervisory deficiency of high pressure heaters in domestic nuclear power plants were analyzed, and the management methods such as optimization management and classification management for high pressure heaters and heat exchangers were discussed. Some ideas and methods for compiling heat exchanger management programs were proposed.